O Papel do Tribunal Penal Internacional na Responsabilização de Indivíduos por Crimes de Guerra: Desafios e Perspectivas

Abstract

The article addresses the creation and operation of the International Criminal Court (ICC), established by the Rome Statute in 1998, with the purpose of prosecuting serious crimes such as genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. The study highlights the relevance of the ICC in strengthening human rights standards, holding individuals accountable for these crimes and preventing new conflicts. The research analyzes the decisions of the ICC, such as the trial of Thomas Lubanga, the first person convicted by the Court for enlisting child soldiers, establishing important precedents for the protection of minors in armed conflicts. Despite its crucial role in international justice, the ICC faces challenges, such as the lack of cooperation from some States in executing arrest warrants and collecting evidence, which compromises its effectiveness. It is concluded that, although limited, the Court is essential in combating impunity and promoting amore effective international justice system, requiring greater international support and cooperation to overcome obstacles and consolidate its action.