AVALIAÇÃO DA ATIVIDADE ANTIBACTERIANA DE EXTRATOS DE METABÓLITOS DE FUNGOS ENDOFÍTICOS DO PANTANAL CONTRA BACTÉRIAS MULTIRRESISTENTES

Abstract

Bacterial resistance is a critical global public health concern, resulting in increasingly difficult-to-treat diseases, a high number of deaths, and significant economic consequences. Endophytic fungi, which contain a multitude of bioactive chemicals, including those with antibacterial capabilities, could be used to alleviate this issue. The purpose of this investigation was to see if crude extracts obtained from endophytic fungi found in the Pantanal could prevent the growth of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Coumarinic compounds were discovered in the ethyl acetate extracts of six fungal metabolites from the genera Fusarium sp. and Acremonium sp. using thin-layer chromatography. The emission of blue fluorescence and visibility under 365 nm ultraviolet radiation validated this identification. The antibiotic activity of all six fungal extracts tested positive against strains of multidrug-resistant bacteria, including Klebsiella pneumoniae KPC, Staphylococcus epidermidis MDR, Escherichia coli KPC, and Acinetobacter baumannii MDR. Among these, one of the Acremonium sp. extracts, encoded as NF14, performed exceptionally well. Following that, the NF14 extract was processed to silica gel column chromatography, yielding purer fractions. These fractions were examined using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for 1H and 13C, as well as low-resolution mass spectrometry coupled with gas chromatography. Unsaturated and saturated fatty acids were found in one of the fractions, with an emphasis on oleic acid (C18:1, 32%), linoleic acid (C18:2, 18%), palmitic acid (C16:0, 20.5%), and stearic acid (C18:0, 15%). certain findings point to the extract's potential as a feasible source for large-scale synthesis of certain chemicals of industrial significance. Only complicated combinations of organic molecules were found in the residual fractions obtained following the chromatography process.