Orações finais introduzidas por "para (que)" e "a fim de (que)": uma abordagem discursivo-funcional

Abstract

This dissertation, based on the theoretical-methodological assumptions of Functional Discourse Grammar (henceforth FDG), by Hengeveld and Mackenzie (2008), analyzes and describes, in Brazilian Portuguese, final constructions articulated by the connectives para, para que, a fim de and a fim de que. It is assumed in this research that a final construction involves the articulation between two clauses, one core and an adverbial final subordinate (NEVES, 2018a), and it is understood that the final relation can be of a semantic and/or discourse-pragmatic nature, which, in the FDG, implies conceiving that the formulation of a final construction can take place at the Representational and/or Interpersonal levels (FONTES, 2015; 2016b). More specifically, the work seeks to (i) map functional and formal properties underlying the uses of end constructions with for, so that, in order to and in order that; (ii) examine the degree of semantic-syntactic link between the clauses of the final construction; (iii) determine the lexical-grammatical status of final connectives. Based on these objectives, the following research hypotheses are conjectured: (i) the relation of purpose established between the core clause and the final clause can be of different types; (ii) the final connectives para, para que, a fim de and a fim de que have different lexical-grammatical status; (iii) final connectives establish different types of purpose. The results obtained from the data analysis reveal that, depending on the scope of the final clause at the Representational and Interpersonal levels, there are five different types of final constructions: eventive, epistemic, motivational, orienting, and interpersonal modifiers. Furthermore, the results show that the final connectives have different lexicogrammatical status, being organized by the following grammatical cline, in which the rightmost connective is more grammatical than the leftmost connective(s): a fim de que > a fim de > para que > para, and they are classified, in the FDG, as Lexical Conjunction, Lexical Preposition, Grammatical Conjunction, and Grammatical Preposition, respectively. Furthermore, these connectives signify different values of purpose: the grammatical connectives para and para que establish the purpose from the origin>trajectory>goal scheme (DIAS, 2001a; 2001b; 2002; 2005; 2010), while the lexical connectives a fim de and a fim de que they mark a relationship of finality with traits of volition (CRISTOFARO, 2003; MATEUS et al, 2003; CABRILLANA, 2009). Keywords: Purpose constructions; purpose connectives; lexical-grammatical statute; purpose.