Propriedades físicas do solo sobre diferentes sistemas de preparo na cultura do sorgo consorciado com Crotalaria

Abstract

Soil is an essential component in agricultural production, where its physical characteristics impact the entire production system. The objective of this work was to evaluate the physical properties of the soil in different tillage systems in sorghum intercropped with crotalaria. The experiment was carried out in the experimental area located in the Chapadão do Sul-MS campus, belonging to the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, in the harvest of 2023. Randomized block design in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme (three types of soil preparation : low tilage, minimum tilage, conventional tilage); four depths in the soil: 0 - 0.10 m, 0.10 - 0.20 m, 0.20 - 0.30 m, 0.30 - 0.40 m), totaling 12 experimental units and 4 replications. For physical analysis, trenches were made with dimensions of 0.50 m wide by 0.50 m long and 0.40 m deep, with samples collected at depths of 0.00 - 0.10, 0.10 - 0.20, 0.20 - 0.30 and 0.30 - 0.40 m. The physical attributes of the soil analyzed were: soil density (DS), total porosity (PT), macroporosity (MACRO), microporosity (MICRO) and gravimetric moisture (UG). The data were analyzed using the R software for analysis of variance and, when significant, the means were compared using the Tukey test at 5% probability. In the soil preparation system for sorghum intercropped with crotalaria, it was observed that the physical characteristics of the soil soil density (DS), gravimetric moisture (UG) and penetration resistance (RP) were benefited. The low tilage system (SPD) presented the lowest penetration resistance values in the layers of 0.20-0.30 and 0.30-0.40 m.