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Fabaceae no Chaco: riqueza, distribuição e dispersão
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Fundação Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul
Abstract
Chaco, an exclusively South American domain, occurs in central-northern Argentina,
southeastern Bolivia, western Paraguay, and the western edge of Brazil. This domain
aggregates two sectors, dry and wet, according to the precipitation gradient. Fabaceae,
considered cosmopolitan, has significant richness in Chaco formations, possibly resulting
from different morphological, anatomical and physiological strategies of its
representatives. Additionally, studies have evidenced the predominance of diaspore
dispersion by abiotic factors in places with low rainfall and the predominance of zoochory
in regions with high rainfall. This study, for Chaco's tree and shrub legumes, is organized
into two chapters. The first objective was to verify the richness of tree and shrub legumes
in Chaco sectors under different precipitation regimes, to show patterns of tax
distribution, to compare Chaco taxonomic distinction values with those of other domains
and to evaluate which Chaco sector has greater filtering of species. The second aimed to
define the types of primary and secondary dispersion syndromes and to evaluate whether
there is a relationship between dispersion syndromes, fruit types and growth habits with
the precipitation gradient. Occurrence data for Fabaceae species in Chaco were obtained
from the Global Biodiversity Information (GBIF) site and climate data were taken from
the online repository www.worldclim.org. The Chaco tree and shrub legumes totaled 295
species distributed in 80 genera, with different geographic distribution patterns. The
taxonomic distinction indicates filtering in drier regions of the Chaco. Abiotic syndromes
prevail among Chaco legumes in relation to the precipitation gradient, and precipitation
is indeed a model for the distribution of legume species.
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