Diferença entre sistemas de geração de energia fotovoltaica on-grid e off-grid no Brasil

Abstract

Benefiting from high solar incidence throughout the year, Brazil has immense potential for solar energy generation. The objective of this paper is to present the differences between on-grid and off-grid photovoltaic energy generation systems in Brazil. The research is characterized as bibliographic, using historical and comparative methods. The on-grid system, connected to the electricity grid, allows the compensation of excess energy generated, resulting in a significant reduction in electricity bills, and contributes to a cleaner and more sustainable energy matrix. Normative Resolution nº 482/2012 of ANEEL is highlighted as a crucial regulatory milestone that enabled the expansion of distributed generation in the country, allowing residential, commercial and industrial consumers to actively participate in energy generation. The study also addresses the challenges associated with off-grid systems, which are particularly relevant for remote regions without access to the electricity grid, highlighting the complexities and additional costs involved. Photovoltaic solar energy plays an essential role in Brazil's sustainable energy future, highlighting the need for continued investment in public policies, economic incentives and technological innovation to maximize the use of this renewable resource.