O "VISAR" DA CONSCIÊNCIA: ENSINO DE FILOSOFIA PARA DEFICIENTES VISUAIS A PARTIR DA PERSPECTIVA HEGELIANA

Abstract

This dissertation aims to propose a method for teaching philosophy to the visually impaired, from a Hegelian perspective. The research is based on the following problem: how can philosophy be properly taught to blind and partially sighted people? This is an audience that is often denied access to philosophical knowledge, since it is given little space in the regular education system. Furthermore, many teachers who work with special needs, especially pedagogues, end up dealing with subjects such as Ethics and Theory of Knowledge without the necessary philosophical rigor to approach them. Further research has shown that language is increasingly becoming the path and vehicle through which the development of consciousness is manifested. In this way, the foundations for our method are established after understanding the beginning of the movement of its development, manifested through language. This developmental itinerary is taken from Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit, and begins with the overcoming of the “Aim” of Sensible Certainty, a foundational and necessary step for the entire development of Spirit. Thus, the hypothesis defended here is that we find in Hegel's work a methodology that can contribute to inclusive teaching, since according to the German thinker, in addition to the need to overcome Sensible Certainty, learning is necessarily a mediated activity, above all through language. As an educational product and an integral part of our method, we have developed two audiobooks and two braille books, entitled Thought Lessons for Adults and Thought Lessons for Children, to be used in teaching philosophy to the visually impaired.