ALEITAMENTO MATERNO EXCLUSIVO EM AMBIENTE HOSPITALAR NO CONTEXTO DA PRIMIPARIDADE

Abstract

Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) during the first six months of life is essential to guarantee the survival and health of children, directly linked to growth and development. The adaptation of postpartum women and newborns in rooming-in involves several physiological, social and emotional challenges and requires proactive actions from the nursing team. Considering the advantages of EBF in the lives of women and children, nurses must support them in this experience. Thus, the need to know the perception of primiparous women regarding exclusive breastfeeding, and the associated factors in each reality, is clear, in order to develop more effective strategies for promoting and continuing breastfeeding. The research aimed to identify scientific production in the literature on exclusive breastfeeding in a hospital environment in the context of primiparity. An Integrative Literature Review was carried out, a protocol was designed, the guiding question was developed, literature search, critical analysis and discussion of the included studies. The search was carried out in the following databases: Elsevier's Scopus, National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health (PUBMED), Web of Science and SciELO. For the Level of Evidence of the studies, the Classification of the type of research evidence was used based on the Joanna Briggs Institute Collaborating Center (JBI) framework, and the Rayyan web application was used to assist in the inclusion process. As a result, out of 509 initial articles, two articles made up the RIL, one from Turkey and one from Cyprus, both in the English language. The studies highlighted obstetric characteristics, such as the majority of vaginal births, unplanned pregnancies without analgesia, habitual risk pregnancies and primiparity. One of the qualitative method studies highlighted the relationship between women's personality and breastfeeding success, considering that more extroverted women have a higher LATCH (Latch Audible swallowing Type of nipple Comfort Hold) rate. The other is that qualified health professionals and a breastfeeding support network help to predict women's difficulties in this process, thus increasing the EBF rate. It was found in both cases that the majority of women breastfed the baby for a period of 31 to 60 minutes per feeding, around 60% of women breastfed the baby whenever they wanted and planned to feed the baby only with breast milk for a period of six months. months. It is concluded that women who experienced breastfeeding for the first time had unique experiences. The woman expresses her experience, feelings or thoughts about breastfeeding through or not through metaphors and is able to have a good understanding about breastfeeding. Nurses and midwives have important roles in assisting women during the immediate postpartum period and breastfeeding, through good practices, counseling and support. Strengthening the support network are factors that contribute to the continuation of breastfeeding outside the hospital environment.