Impacto da aplicação de carga fora dos nós em treliças de madeira

Abstract

Wooden trusses are widely used in building roofs, bridges, and other structures due to their structural efficiency and sustainability. Wood is lightweight compared to steel or concrete, which facilitates the transportation, handling, and assembly of the structure. This study investigates the effects of applying loads away from the nodes in wooden trusses, an increasingly relevant issue due to the complexity of the forces involved and the importance of these structures in civil construction. When loads are applied at points not designed to support them, unconventional structural responses arise that affect the safety and durability of the structure. These effects are analyzed in this work following the requirements of NBR 7190 (ABNT, 2022) together with structural calculations performed using the Ftool software, considering Howe and Warren type trusses. It was observed that introducing loads away from the nodes generates bending moments and shear forces that significantly alter the expected structural behavior. Additionally, the truss geometry and load distribution also play an important role in minimizing the effects of bending due to compression. This study provides valuable insights into the effects of these loads and proposes practical guidelines for civil engineering.