A PAZ COMO UM DIREITO HUMANO NO SISTEMA INTERNACIONAL: A Construção do Direito à Paz e Mecanismos de Proteção das Nações Unidas

Abstract

This Master Thesis addresses peace as a human right in the international system, taking as a perspective the construction of the right to peace and the protection mechanisms of the United Nations. Considering that, according to data from researchers and the UN itself, international conflicts have intensified, reversing a decline over the last 20 years. It aimes to analyze the emergence of the right to peace with the beginning of international law from the perspective of the “Just War” theory, and the paradigm changes that are found today, when the right to peace is consolidating itself as a human right, as well as seeking to contemplate existing documents that deal with this right and the United Nations protection mechanisms that aim to maintain international peace and security. Therefore, the question is whether there is a right to peace affirmed in the international system and what is being implemented so that present and future generations have the possibility of living in a peaceful world and fully enjoying their fundamental rights. The hypothetical deductive method is going to be used in the research, as the existence of the right to peace in the international system was assessed, and the descriptive method is going to be used through bibliographic and documentary research. The results demonstrated that the right to peace is found in the international system, not only as a programmatic norm but as a positive right and that there are dispute resolution methods that are stimulated by the United Nations, as well as protection methods and peace operations. However, it appears that the culture of war remains rooted in individuals and that it is essential that a culture of peace is encouraged.