As formas de violência obstétrica ocorridas durante o parto no ambiente hospitalar

Abstract

Introduction: Obstetric violence is a worrying reality that occurs in the hospital environment during pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum. Characterized by abusive, disrespectful and violent practices, it encompasses various forms of violence that deeply affect women and can have repercussions on their mental and physical health. These forms of violence can be classified into three main categories: physical, verbal and emotional. Objective: To describe the forms of obstetric violence occurring during childbirth in the hospital environment. Methodology: This is a bibliographic review study in the LILACS database using the descriptors: Obstetric violence; hospital care, Women's health, Women's health services; The following inclusion criteria were used: articles published in full between 2019 and 2023. Results: Of the 12 selected articles that met the inclusion criteria, it was found that during labor and at the time of birth, occurrences of obstetric violence are often related to unnecessary conduct and/or procedures. Some examples of these abusive practices include the excessive use of oxytocin, performing an episiotomy without the woman's consent and the Kristeller maneuver. It was also observed that among women with a lower level of education, obstetric psychological violence was predominant, manifesting itself mainly in a lack of patience on the part of health professionals. In relation to race/color, verbal violence, characterized by rudeness and humiliation, was more prevalent. Regarding age, emotional violence, such as discouragement and lack of empathy, was more common. As for those responsible for obstetric violence, obstetricians, nursing technicians and nurses were identified as the main ones involved. In the public sphere, obstetric violence was evidenced by dehumanized care, the lack of adequate resources, such as materials and anesthetists, and the lack of access to care and guidance. In the private sector, pressure was identified to carry out unnecessary medical interventions, as well as charges for additional services that are not really necessary. Conclusion: It is essential to recognize and combat obstetric violence, ensuring that all women receive dignified, respectful and safe care. To combat obstetric violence in the hospital environment, it is essential to promote awareness and ongoing education among professionals.