SÍNTESE DE SURFACTANTE A PARTIR DE DERIVADOS DE CARDANOL E GLICEROL

Abstract

Sustainable chemistry represents an innovative approach committed to minimizing environmental impact and promoting sustainability. This field focuses on waste reduction, the promotion of more efficient synthetic methods, and the optimization of chemical processes. An efficient approach to the development of sustainable reactions is the use of surfactants in micellar media as catalysts. These amphiphilic compounds accelerate reactions, improving the yield of desired products. Additionally, these surfactants can be recycled and reused, making the process more sustainable. Cardanol is a component present in cashew nut shells, exhibiting amphiphilic structural characteristics, and has been widely used for the synthesis of new surfactants. In this work, two compounds with amphiphilic structural characteristics were synthesized and characterized from cardanol epoxide. Surfactant pegylated 1 employed cardanol epoxide with Triethylene Glycol (TEG) and Triethylamine (ET3N), while surfactant 2 was synthesized with cardanol epoxide, Polyethylene Glycol (PEG), and Triethylamine (ET3N). For compound 3, Diethanolamine (DEA) was used as a reagent with cardanol epoxide, but the reaction was unsuccessful, and the synthesized product was not the desired one. Surfactant 1 resulted in a yield of 60%, and surfactant 2 showed yields of 50%. The synthesized products were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H and 13C NMR), recorded on a Bruker Avance DPX-300 instrument, using tetramethylsilane (TMS) as an internal standard. The compounds were characterized, and the interpretation of their chemical structure was performed considering chemical shift (δ), multiplicity, coupling constants (J), and signal integrals. According to the analyzed NMR spectra data, they confirm the formation of the desired amphiphilic compounds.

Keywords: Cardanol, surfactants, micelles, NMR spectroscopy.