Lesão por pressão associada a cateter nasoenteral: coorte prospectiva

Abstract

Introduction: The prevention of pressure injuries (PI) is a persistent challenge for Intensive Care Unit (ICU) professionals. Method:This is a single-group prospective cohort study, part of an umbrella project entitled "Medical device-related pressure injury in critically ill patients: incidence, influencing factors, nursing action and clinical outcomes", carried out in the adult ICU of a large university hospital between May and August 2023. The study included patients aged 18 years or over who had been using NEC for at least 24 hours. Patients with acute or chronic skin abnormalities at the CNE attachment site, patients with a follow-up of less than 48 hours and those who requested to withdraw from the study were excluded. The data was analyzed by two independent stomatherapists. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with a significance level of 5%. The project was approved by the research ethics committee under consubstantiated opinion no. 6.423.233. Results: The sample consisted of 61 patients. The incidence of PI related to the CNE was 21.3%, with an incidence density of 15.7 PI per 1000 days of device use. The most frequent lesion stage was mucosal lesion (46.1%), followed by grade 1 PI (30.7%). The predominant anatomical site was the nasal columella, with 92.3% of occurrences. There were no statistical associations regarding risk factors, although the clinical profile of the patients was consistent with similar investigations found in the literature. Conclusion: The need to increase patient safety to prevent non-classical PIs is highlighted, emphasizing the importance of training care teams to identify risk factors and establish protocols to improve the quality of care.