Efeito da maturação biológica nas respostas físicas durante jogos reduzidos de futebol

Abstract

Introduction: Soccer performance is influenced by constraints of the task (e.g., changes in the game), the individual (e.g., intrinsic characteristics) and the environment (e.g., field of play). For youth players, many studies have investigated the effect related to task restriction on physical performance, while for individual restriction, they have focused on the effect of chronological physical age on performance. However, it has been shown that biological evolution can have a great influence on the physical performance of young soccer players. Objective: Therefore, the objective of this project is to investigate the effects of biological influence on the physical responses of soccer players during reduced games. Method: 36 soccer players aged between 12 and 15 years participated in the study, and were approved for four days of estimations: 1) anthropometric measurements, experienced peak growth velocity (CVP) and physical tests (muscle power and aerobic capacity ); 2) protocol of reduced games to identify the technical-tactical level of the athletes, with intuition to compose the teams for the later meetings; 3) reduced games with opposing teams with players with the same PVC; 4) reduced games with opposing teams with players with different PVC, to evaluate the physical responses (total distance covered, distances covered at different speeds, heart rate and subjective perception of exertion). Meetings 3 and 4 were randomized. For statistical analysis, two-way mixed model analyzes of variance (ANOVA) were used (factor 1 = time; factor 2 = biological compatibility), followed by Bonferroni's post-hoc test to compare differences between maturational levels. Results: In the Under-13 category, a significant difference was observed in the comprehension*games interaction, in the DT (p = 0.042) and in the Vméd (p= 0.042), where players with delayed understanding had an increase in the DT and in the Vméd during the 2nd half game, when playing against opponents of different biological level. Regarding the games (J1=same stable advanced and J2= different adult stage), compatibility differences were differences in TD (p =0.024) and for Vmed (p= 0.026), and in J2 motors were greater total distances covered and higher average speed in the 2nd half of the game. To achieve ethnic differences in Vmax (p=0.037), with advantaged players achieving higher maximum speed when considering the total game time. Conclusion: When playing with opponents with the same maturity stage, the physical demand is reduced compared to playing against opponents with different maturity stage. In summary, these results suggest that biological evolution has affected physical responses during the soccer game, depending on individual victory status. Forward players faced a greater physiological challenge manifested by higher HRmax and %HRmax in the same PVC competition compared to the different PVC competition.