CAPACIDADE PARA O TRABALHO E FATORES PSICOSSOCIAIS DOS PROFISSIONAIS DE SAÚDE DE MATO GROSSO DO SUL

Abstract

The work ability is the condition that a worker possesses for the execution of the activity designated for their role. A milestone in global health was the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, in which a significant change in the daily lives of healthcare professionals and working conditions was identified, requiring team restructuring and adaptation. This raised concerns about the impact of work ability affected by the psychosocial factors of healthcare professionals who worked during the pandemic. The objective was to analyze the relationship between work ability and exposure to psychosocial risk factors for healthcare professionals in a reference hospital for COVID-19 patient treatment. The research was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, an integrative literature review study was developed to evaluate work ability and psychosocial factors in the hospital environment. The search was conducted on the following databases: EMBASE, Elsevier's Scopus, National Library of Medicine - Medline via PubMed, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Virtual Health Library, and PsycArticles, during July and August 2022. Articles were screened using the Rayyan software, and data were collected according to A Step-By-Step Guide to Conducting an Integrative Review and levels of evidence from the Hierarchy of Evidence for Intervention Studies. In the second phase, a cross-sectional study was conducted in December 2022 with healthcare workers from a large university hospital. The instruments used were the Work Ability Index and the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire III. Data analysis was performed using R Studio, with chi-square tests, Fisher's exact test, and logistic regression modeling. In the first phase, 599 articles were identified, with 36 analyzed. The publications ranged from 2002 to 2021, with the majority from 2013 onwards. Level VI evidence was found in 33 articles. The study population in the articles varied, with a prevalence of females and professionals in the nursing field. Several positive and negative correlations were found between psychosocial factors related to the Work Ability Index and the need for health promotion in the workplace. The cross-sectional study included 197 professionals, the majority of whom were female, with an average age of 40 years. The significant variables related to work ability were: recognition (OR=0.26; 95% CI: 0.09-0.75), commitment to the workplace (OR=0.20; 95% CI: 0.04-1.03), self-assessed health (OR=0.15; 95% CI: 0.06-0.43), somatic stress (OR=0.23; 95% CI: 0.08-0.66), working hours (OR=0.23; 95% CI: 0.07-0.82), physical activity (OR=0.20; 95% CI: 0.04-1.03), and leisure (OR=0.27; 95% CI: 0.12-0.64). In conclusion, psychosocial factors in the workplace are associated with the work ability of healthcare professionals. These results are important indicators to support institutions, managers, and healthcare professionals in making investments in the workplace that promote health at work and in lifestyle. This can benefit organizational performance, patient safety, and promote retirement with health and quality of life.