GASTO PÚBLICO COM EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA: APLICAÇÃO DO MÉTODO DEA PARA AVALIAR (IN)EFICIÊNCIA DOS ESTADOS

Abstract

Since the mid-2000s, Brazil has been adopting measures to increase the level of education of Brazilians, since education is the most relevant path for the development of a country. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the efficiency of the States in the application of resources for Basic Education. Efficiency was measured by a quantitative approach using the Data Envelopment Analysis method, operationalized with the aid of the R Studio program, free and free software. For this purpose, the States were taken as decision-making units (DMU) and the efficiency scores computed with orientation to the results. The inputs were: Per capita expenditure on education, Number of Public Institutions in Basic Education, Number of teachers in Basic Education. Concerning the products (output), there will be a set of school monitoring indicators: IDEB – Initial Years Series, IDEB – Final Years Series, IDEB – Secondary Education. Furthermore, a bibliographical and documentary survey was carried out based on dissertations, theses, scientific journals. As a result of the cross-sectional analysis for the year 2020, the efficiency scores of the 27 FUs were estimated, as decision-making units, with five states being classified as efficient, twelve having weak inefficiency, eight states having moderate inefficiency and two having strong inefficiency. It was observed that the States with the highest per capita expenditures showed strong inefficiency, namely Alagoas with R$ 7,372.49/inhabitant and Goiás with R$ 6,005.47/inhabitant. On the other hand, States with lower per capita expenses were identified as efficient, Amazonas (R$ 2665.96/inhabitant, lower value), Paraíba (2808.48/inhabitant) and Sergipe (3087.00/inhabitant). This indicates that there is no exclusive direct relationship between spending and efficiency. In addition, it was observed that there is a very strong correlation between the variables efficiency and transparency, since four (AP, AM, PB, SE) of the five States classified as efficient also obtained positive results in the Transparency of public accounts.