Análise in vitro da citotoxicidade do clorito e avaliação do seu potencial antileishmania e antineoplásica

Abstract

Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) has a strong oxidation power and can oxidize to chlorite and chlorate. The oxidative effect of ClO2 has been found to have potential for use in treatment against infectious, parasitic, and anticancer diseases. Many researches for new treatments against leishmaniasis are carried out in order to find low cost alternatives and drug repositioning. The objective of this work was to evaluate the toxicity of chlorine dioxide in aqueous media and to determine its antileishmanial and anticancer potential. Through cell culture of neoplastic and non-neoplastic cell lines, it was possible to perform in vitro toxicity and anticancer analyses using the SRB assay and in vitro antileishmania potential analyses using promastigotes in the MTT staining assay. The chlorite was not nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic up to the concentration 10µg/mL, up to the concentration of TGI 94µg/mL, showed inhibition of cell proliferation that may be reversible or irreversible. As for the antileishmania activity, the effective concentrations were 10x lower(<1µg/mL) than the GI50 of non-neoplastic cells (NIH/3T3) showing selectivity. The anticancer effect was moderate for the three tested strains (MDA MB231, MCF7 and PC-03). Preliminary results indicate chlorite stimulates cell injury through the apoptosis pathway. Chlorite showed antileishmanial and anticancer effect with low toxicity. Keywords: chlorine dioxide; chlorite; leishmania; cancer; toxicity