FÉ, ESPIRITUALIDADE E RELIGIÃO: AS PERCEPÇÕES DO RENAL CRÔNICO EM HEMODIÁLISE

Abstract

One in every four adults has two or more chronic health conditions, and this accounts for 72% of the causes of death in Brazil. Its main causes are hypertension and diabetes mellitus, which can result in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). People with ESRD often face functional, aesthetic, psychosocial, and spiritual problems. Hemodialysis is the most used treatment in Brazil, bringing significant changes in the lives of these people and their families. Facing the adversities experienced, faith and spirituality can act strategically, as religious coping, providing a better coexistence with a certain problem. It is observed the addition of several benefits, such as: promoting resources for coping with stressful situations, increasing positive feelings, and reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety. To know the perceptions of people on hemodialysis treatment about spirituality/religion/religiosity. This is a descriptive research of qualitative approach, conducted with 28 people who performed hemodialysis treatment in two hemodialysis units located in the Midwest of Brazil. The interviews were conducted between the months of April and June 2022, when sociodemographic information obtained based on a guiding question on the proposed theme was collected. Data analysis was guided by the premises of Hsieh and Shannon's directed content analysis. The research started collection after approval by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul under opinion no. 5,247,122 and respected the ethical precepts of 466/2012.: They are composed of an integrative review in the context of spirituality and religiosity, and two manuscripts. It was observed in data collection that most participants were female, mean age of 44 years, retired, and the prevalence of Catholics and Evangelicals. Based on the data collected, four categories emerged: having faith; the power of prayer; perception about spirituality, religion, and faith; and spirituality in facing the disease. The hemodialysis treatment brings to people several emotional and social changes. It was observed that, even with demonstrations of fear, anguish, despair, and difficulties faced during treatment, people affirmed that spirituality and religiosity are an effective aid in coping with the adversities experienced during the disease. Considering that the systematization of nursing care is aimed at meeting the basic needs of the human being, the approach of the spiritual dimension in nursing care becomes pertinent. This study contributes to teaching, research and nursing care in the context studied and encourages the production of new investigations aimed at meeting the spiritual needs of people with chronic diseases.

Keykords: Spiritualy. Religion. Chronic Disease. Renal, Insufficiency Chronic. Nursing.