CONDIÇÕES DE VIDA E SAÚDE DE INDÍGENAS KAINGANG COM DIABETES MELLITUS

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic condition prevalent worldwide, which, in addition to affecting quality of life, can lead to systemic and oral complications. The relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease is bidirectional, with worsening periodontal tissue destruction and unfavorable glycemic control being observed in people with diabetes and periodontal disease. In this sense, it becomes necessary to investigate the involvement of the relationship between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus, especially in the indigenous population due to the condition of vulnerability and restrictions on access to health services. The objective is to analyze the living conditions, health and periodontal disease in Kaingang indigenous people with Diabetes Mellitus. Descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, carried out from interviews, intraoral examination and consultation of medical records. Data were collected from August to October 2022 and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, using Student's t and Chi-square tests. Among the 45 participants, 53.3% were women, with a mean age of 56.3 ± 12.4 years, with 71.2% aged between 40 and 59 years. To carry out the interview, 64.4% of the indigenous people needed a translator. With regard to marital status, 91.1% lived with a partner. Regarding education, 44.4% attended elementary school and 37.8% did not study. As for health behaviors, 20.0% were smokers, 11.1% were alcohol abusers, 42.2% were irregularly active and 28.9% were sedentary. The mean number of decayed, missing and filled teeth was 21.7 ± 9.6, with 31.1% of the participants stratified at high risk for oral health. Furthermore, 42.2% reported xerostomia and 66.7% were diagnosed with periodontal disease, 24.5% were diagnosed with gingivitis and 42.2% with periodontitis. As for clinical conditions, 17.8% used insulin, 13.3% were in polypharmacy, 62.2% were hypertensive and 48.9% were obese. Regarding metabolic markers, the mean glycated hemoglobin was 9.6 ± 2.7%; venous blood glucose, 189.1 ± 95.3 mg/dL; triglycerides, 297.2 ± 332.1 mg/dL; total cholesterol, 187.4 ± 52.8 mg/dL; creatinine, 0.9 ± 1.5 mg/dL and urea, 30.5 ± 9.9 mg/dL. The results demonstrate the importance of early screening actions for chronic conditions in the indigenous population and the need to include individual self-care actions, monitoring blood glucose and blood pressure, encouraging a reduction in tobacco consumption and alcohol use, the practice of physical activity; in addition to strategies that encourage a healthy diet.