ANÁLISE DO SOLO E DA VEGETAÇÃO DE PALEOBARRAS FLUVIAIS DO TERRAÇO DO ALTO RIO PARANÁ

Abstract

The study and knowledge about soil and vegetation is essential for the management of conservation areas. Soil plays a fundamental role in the formation and understanding of the landscape, as it provides mechanical support and nutrients for the establishment and development of plants, in addition to refining the modeling of the relief. Knowledge on the environmental changes is essential for understanding the morphogenetic processes, understanding the sequence of events and thus developing studies that help to understand the origin and evolution of landscapes. The present study was developed on a river terrace on the Upper Paraná River, in the area there is the Cisalpina Private Natural Heritage Reserve (RPPN), which, despite being important, suffers from anthropic interventions that end up threatening its diversity. The general objectives of the study were to characterize and analyze the structure of the forest community and the pedostratigraphy of an area of fluvial paleobars on the upper Paraná River terrace. The specific objectives were to analyze the characteristics of the geoforms in the relief and identify the presence of paleobars in the landscape, identify and analyze the structural and physiological characteristics of the vegetation cover, characterize and analyze the pedostratigraphy of this area and understand the main distinctions and similarities between the structure and composition of the vegetation cover in paleobars present in the landscape. For the soil methodology, trenches were dug and trenched in three paleobars with arboreal vegetation, the water hose method was used to define the topography and the granulometric analysis of sediments was performed through sieving in a sieve shaker. For the vegetation analysis, data were collected and analyzed in three areas that form paleobars with forest vegetation, with two plots being marked in each of the three paleobars. With these data, vegetation pyramids were elaborated based on a general perception of each stratum and also based on the average of the parameters of the species of each plot. In the soil results it was possible to verify that the soils in the three areas were classified as Quartzarenic Neosols. Occasionally, the soils of the studied areas have great similarity, including laterally, since the results obtained from the center and edge are similar, regardless of the topographic variation. Regarding vegetation, among the plots sampled, the average number of plant species sampled was 156, of which 100 were identified at least at the family level. The vegetation pyramids showed that the arboreal stratum presented higher abundance/dominance values in all sampled plots. The shrub stratum, when separated from the lianas, showed very low sociability, abundance and dominance, and the lianas, in turn, showed higher values of sociability and abundance in relation to this stratum.

Keywords: Phytophysiognomies; Soil; Cerrado; Brazilian Atlantic Forest.