Avaliação do efeito do óleo essencial de ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata) sobre a resposta inflamatória aguda em modelos experimentais in vitro e in vivo

Abstract

Ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata) is a medicinal plant of the Annonaceae family, with many therapeutic properties and biological activities, such as anxiolytic, antimicrobial, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory activities, among others. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, oral acute toxicity, and the effect of ylang-ylang essential oil (YEO) on the acute inflammatory response in experimental models. YEO was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. For in vitro tests, YEO was evaluated in methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test, neutrophil chemotaxis induced by N-formyl methionyl leucyl phenylalanine (fMLP), and phagocytic activity tests. The YEO was orally administered in zymosan-induced peritonitis, carrageenan-induced leukocyte rolling and adhesion events in the in situ microcirculation model, and carrageenan-induced paw oedema models. The YEO (2000 mg/kg) was also tested in acute toxicity test in Swiss mice. YEO showed predominance of benzyl acetate, linalool, benzyl benzoate, and methyl benzoate. YEO did not present in vitro cytotoxicity. YEO at concentrations of 10, 30, 60 and 90 μg/mL reduced the in vitro neutrophil chemotaxis induced by fMLP, and at concentrations of 10, 30, and 90 μg/mL, reduced the phagocytic activity. The oral treatment with YEO at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg reduced the leukocyte recruitment, nitric oxide (NO) production in zymosan-induced peritonitis model, reduced rolling and adherent leukocyte number induced by carrageenan in the in situ microcirculation, and reduced carrageenan-induced edema and mechanical hyperalgesia. YEO did not present signs of toxicity in acute toxicity test. In conclusion, YEO affected the leukocyte activation, presented antiedematogenic, antihyperalgesic and anti-inflammatory properties in experimental models. NO may be involved in OEY mechanism of action, but other inflammatory pathways cannot be ruled out.