O que é ser índio sendo surdo? Um olhar transdisciplinar

Abstract

By looking at the discourses of deaf subjects of the Terena ethnicity, a diversity of representations, constructions, displacements and identity traits crossed by knowledge-power relations is presented. Thus, our hypothesis is that these research subjects are on the margins of the hegemonic society in a double exclusion: because they are indigenous and deaf, since there is no discourse that legitimizes them, that inscribes them as deaf Indians. Thus, having discourse as the object of research, the objective is to problematize the process of identity constitution of the indigenous deaf subject through narratives of self and the other, through the subjectivity of the subject in describing how he sees himself, how he sees the other (their peers and the white) and how he believes the other sees him (his peers and the white), being Indian and deaf. As specific objectives we seek: to analyze the ways of saying in which the deaf Indian's representations about themselves are evoked; interpreting the ways of saying in which the representations of the deaf Indian are evoked based on how he believes that the other sees him in the classroom and in the village where he lives; to understand the ways of saying in which the representations of the deaf Indian about emerging sign language, Brazilian sign language, Portuguese and Terena language are evoked. In this way, the deaf indigenous person is brought to the center of our investigation through interviews recorded/filmed on video in sign language, transcribed, in the city of Miranda, in 2015, and that, due to the regularities presented, fourteen clippings constitute our corpus. Therefore, we use the theoretical contributions of the discursive perspective, as we understand that the discourse is based on the primacy of interdiscourses, constructed, above all, by the presence of the other, by heterogeneity, with the help of Foucault's theoretical-methodological support, the archaeogenealogical, which supplements the theoretical methodologies of the discursive perspective. The first chapter turns to the conditions for the production of speeches, so that, in the analysis of the words of the deaf Indian Terena, it is possible to understand where this subject is and how this between-place that is forged in a simultaneously real space-time takes place. and virtual, characterized as a threshold, a border, which unites and separates, which encompasses and delimits, which opens horizons and restricts possibilities. The second chapter weaves the theoretical basis to support our gestures of interpretation, bringing a more elaborate reflection on the theoretical notions of Discourse Analysis, cultural studies and also Foucault's archaeological and genealogical method, which support us in the construction of the device of analysis in the midst of transdisciplinarity. Finally, in the third chapter, analytical gestures are undertaken, divided into three axes: How do I see myself?: representation of oneself; How do I believe the other sees me?: representation of self and the other; In which linguistic universe do I find myself?: language/language representation. Thus, representations of themselves, the other about themselves and the language/language that do not legitimize, that do not guarantee the inscription of subjects as deaf Indians, were observed, as the traits that constitute the identity of the deaf indigenous through (re) constructions of meaning about the Portuguese language, Libras, Terena language and emerging sign language resonate voices that perpetuate the stereotyped image of the indigenous deaf subject as a subject of lack, as a disabled body, as one that is abnormal for being different from white, under a in(ex)clusion.