Indicadores para gestão ambiental na conservação de solo e água

Abstract

Erosion is a complex phenomenon that not only cause damage inside the farms (on-site). The erosion also cause external effects (off-site) when rainwater does not seep and flow. Given this natural phenomenon, which is intensified by human actions, our main objective was to get indicators that contribute to environmental management in soil and water conservation. We act on three fronts: i) analysis of programs and projects against the Brazilian rural water erosion; ii) detailing the Water Producer Program through indicators obtained by univariate and multivariate analyzes; and iii) development of model called Project Effectiveness Indicator (Model IEP). We conclude that in Brazil Programs, and Soil and Water Conservation Projects seek to implement sustainable development techniques and are based essentially on three policies: education, punishment and compensation. And that, even in the face of several laws, projects and Brazilian programs, the erosive processes in Brazil are still considered a problem of social, economic and environmental. In relation to financial compensation policy, we find that the projects of the Water Producer Program are spread throughout the country and are somewhat similar to each other because each project has its own structure, with local arrangements and a form of participation of the ANA. We conclude also that the scope of the Water Producer Program is low and the political and administrative commitment of the managers of the projects should be reviewed, especially as regards the mobilization along to farmers, to the actions of environmental education and monitoring of projects. We also conclude that the current lack of monitoring with quantitative criteria for these projects does not allow state what are the effects of environmental valuation originated by payments for environmental services on the natural resources soil and water. Thus, the model proposed IEP will fill this gap monitoring through the construction of indicators based on reduction of soil loss considering the degree of human activities and land cover density. These indicators can be defined both by the managers of the projects of the Water Program, as other projects that do not involve payments for environmental services.