Desenvolvimento territorial sustentável: abordagem integradora com base na vigilância em saúde ambiental

Abstract

The evolution that occurs on a planetary scale puts humanity in disparate condition in which it is subject and object of its techniques, taking advantage of great benefits, although with the possibility of being helpless victim of their technological powers. Chemical contamination resulting from anthropic processes, inherent in such evolution, appears as harmful consequence, with complex effects, which affect ecosystems and public health. Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are serious contaminants, whose presence in environmental matrices appears as significant global ecological risk and potential health threat. They have severe persistence in the environment, great capacity to interact with territories and ecosystems, bioaccumulation and biomagnification. Organochlorine pesticides (OC) belong to this class of contaminants and therefore remain in the environment and in the body for long periods. Some of these compounds are mutagenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic. They can affect neurological and reproductive systems and are considered potential endocrine disrupters. A major route of human exposure to organochlorine is food, mainly when composed of animal products. The presence of OCs in the environment, food and body appears as an important indicator of the environmental situation, and enables the estimation of the risk of chronic population exposure to such contaminants. This study aimed in the context of the driving force, pressure, state/situation, exposure, effects, action (DPSEEA) model, recommended by WHO, and with propositions of the science of precaution and environmental justice, to structure integrative approach in the field of environmental health surveillance for the sustainable development in the region of Mato Grosso do Sul. Therefore, the level of concentration of organochlorine compounds in bovine milk was assessed aiming to determine situation and exposure environmental indicators. Samples of pasteurized milk were collected in dairies of the state and were analyzed at the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation’s Center of Studies on Worker’s Health and Human Ecology’s Pesticides Laboratory – Fiocruz – Rio de Janeiro. At 90% of the surveyed localities and in almost 90% of the samples, it was observed the presence of some type of contaminant from the group of OCs. Significant percentage rates were found above reference values. To Chlordane, Aldrin+Dieldrin and Heptachlor, calculated risks are above 100% of the Theoretical Maximum Daily Intake (TMDI). Fromthese data, an integrator panel of determinants and indicators from the environmental health surveillance field was built, which indicate processes and driving forces of environmental change and health situation, as well as their interrelationships. Therefore making it possible an integrated analysis of processes for insertions of prevention and precaution, accurate and efficient, in the scope of decisions and actions inherent to the sustainable development in the context of the unpredictability and complexity of contemporary risks.