Avaliação da distância entre os forames mentonianos, através de mensurações horizontais em radiografias oclusais e panorâmicas

Abstract

In surgeries to the placement of dental implants in the anterior region of the mandible the mental foramens delimits the extension of the surgical area, becoming in practice the main factor for the establishment of the total number of implants to be placed in this region, and the diagnostic imaging is one of the most important steps for a correct surgical planning. The occlusal radiographs for being performed at the dental clinic can be used previously to check if our radiographic/surgical guide, with radiopaque markers is located between the mental foramens, where you want to place the implants. If the radiopaque markers are outside the area we can reposition these markers up to that ideal positioning, before we request complementary radiographic examination. The purpose of this study was to analyze the horizontal measures of the distance between the mental foramens in images obtained from occlusal and panoramic radiographs and to establish how the magnification of these images behaves. For the achievement of this research were used four dry human mandible, the region to be studied was prepared with Chromium-Nickel (Cr-Ni) wires, of 0.90 mm diameter bent accordingly to the curvature (arc) and length of the vestibular ridge of the anterior region of the mandible between the mental foramem. The occlusal radiographs were taken at three different radiographic equipment and panoramic radiographs performed in a single orthopantomographic device. The results which were processed statistically show that the occlusal radiographs presented a lower horizontal magnification at around 7.5 to 8.5%, with a little dispersive values in relation to its average, the horizontal magnification in panoramic radiographs ranges from 9.4 to 28% with an average of 17.85 %, these numbers are not enough to evaluate the set, because the values are dispersed and asymmetric. The conclusion was that two techniques produce radiographic images with a very significant level of distortion in relation to the real measure of the objects and anatomic references studied.