O haiku da Comunidade Yuba: criação, socialização e publicação

Abstract

The poetical form haiku was intensively developed in Japan, in the Genroku period, from Edo age, and it gains spontaneous and popular form with Matsuo Bashô, in the century XVIII. With the coming of Japanese people to Brazil, in 1908, the haiku is the way found for these immigrants to express their feelings for being far from their country of origin and to value the beauty of the land that received them. This is what happens in the Community Yuba, with 76 years old of existence, located in the city Mirandópolis/SP, 600km far from São Paulo that maintains, among its cultural traces, the permanency of haiku. This research has as objectives: 1) to present and describe, from the observation in locus, the literary manifestation of haiku, focusing the creation process, the socialization and the publishing of Yuba kukai; 2) to initiate the creation of an literary collection about the haiku of the Community Yuba. To treat about the haiku, we based the work in the principles of Reginald Horace Blyth, Octávio Paz, Masuda Goga, Teiiti Suzuki, Paulo Franchetti, Teruko Oda, Eico Suzuki, Reimei Yoshioka, Lucille Kanzawa, and others. The accomplished research had the result in a work of three volumes. The first volume is constituted by three chapter and appendix. The first chapter it was divided in two sections; we treat, synthetically, of the Japanese immigration in Brazil and of the cultural history trajectory of the Community Yuba. In the second chapter, we did brief considerations about the origin and the dissemination of haiku, we evidenced how the haiku appears in the Community Yuba and we identified the first and the present haikuístas yuba. In the third chapter, we presented and described the process of creation, socialization and the divulgation of Yuba kukai. The material that we used as a support the research became in appendix. The second and third volumes was constituted, with other information, by collecting and digitalization in the years of 2010-2011, in a period of 12 months, in a total of 658 haiku produced by the haikuistas yubas in which 240 were published in the magazine Kuzu. We verify that Yuba kukai follows exactly the four seasons Haru, Natsu, Aki, Fuyu (respectively, spring, summer, autumn and winter) and accomplish the production of haiku every month, concluding the circle of four months for each season. The haikuístas yuba select words, kigo, that is used as basis to build the haiku from the Brazilian reality, to represent the particular universe of the Community Yuba, where the space gives raw material. In this representation, the vocabulary and the themes have alterations, following the social changing, so that many words used in classical literature are no longer used. Also is natural the incorporation of the words, represented by images, without, however, the formal and structural aspects of genders are changed. Inverting the initial process, the gender now comes out from Brazilian lands and the traces of tradition are not lost, mix or incorporate other cultures – from Indians, white and black people – and arrive/return to the Japanese territory.