PROPRIEDADES FÍSICAS DO SOLO SOB PLANTIO DIRETO EM SORGO CONSORCIADO COM CROTALARIA SPECTABILIS E UROCHLOA RUZIZIENSIS

Abstract

The adequate growth and development of sorghum root systems are dependent on physically favorable soil conditions to optimize the productivity of the cultivated crops.. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the intercropping of second-crop sorghum with Urochloa ruziziensis and Crotalaria spectabilis, as well as the physical aspects of the soil in a no-tillage system,minimum tillage and conventional planting. The present study was conducted in the experimental field of the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Chapadão do Sul Campus – MS. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design, arranged in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme under a no-tillage system; four soil depths: 0 - 0,10 m, 0,10 - 0,20 m, 0,20 - 0,30 m, 0,30 - 0,40 m), totaling 16 experimental units and 4 repetitions. For evaluations, trenches with dimensions of 0.50 m width, 0.50 m length, and 0.40 m depth were opened to collect soil samples at depths of 0.00 - 0.10 m, 0.10 - 0.20 m, 0.20 - 0.30 m, 0.30 - 0.40 m. The analyzed soil physical attributes included Soil Density (SD), Gravimetric Moisture (GM), Total Porosity (TP), Macroporosity (MACRO), and Microporosity (MICRO). The evaluated physical properties showed variations between cultivation types and depths. The depth 0;0-0,10 m presented the highest DS value, being at an acceptable level for soil compaction levels and also showed the highest UG. The sorghum treatment intercropped with Urochloa ruziziensis and Crotalaria spectabilis presented the highest UG. The sorghum treatment showed the highest PT, not differing from the sorghum intercropped with Urochloa ruziziensis, which presented a higher value for MICRO. The sorghum treatment intercropped with Urochloa ruziziensis and Crotalaria spectabilis showed a higher value at a depth of 0.20 - 0.30 m for MACRO.