UMA ANÁLISE SOBRE O PROCESSO DE INDUSTRIALIZAÇÃO POR SUBSTITUIÇÃO DE IMPORTAÇÕES NA ECONOMIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract

The import substitution process is an industrialization strategy oriented toward the domestic market, aimed at minimizing external dependencies and protecting national industry from foreign competition. In the Brazilian context, the adoption of this model began with the 1929 crisis, which caused a sharp decline in the country's exports. Based on this, the objective of this study is to analyze the process of industrialization through import substitution in the Brazilian economy from 1930 to 1980. Specifically, it aims to discuss the main authors of developmentalist economic thought; provide a brief overview of Brazilian industrialization prior to 1930; and examine the industrial dynamics from 1930 onward, highlighting the characteristics, protection mechanisms, and challenges of the Import Substitution Policy. The research is qualitative in nature and adopts a theoretical-historical approach, using a literature review based on primary and secondary sources related to the topic. It is justified by its analysis of the contradictions of import substitution and its limitations to Brazil’s economic development. The study concludes that this analysis allows for an understanding and explanation of how the substitution process occurred in Brazil and how this policy eventually became exhausted.