O humanismo em Erich Fromm e a possibilidade de liberdade: uma análise bibliográfica

Abstract

The present work seeks to analyze and reinterpret Erich Fromm as a political thinker whose ethical humanism grounds a broad critique of capitalist modernity. Drawing on the concept of social character, Fromm explains how economic structures shape needs, emotions, and patterns of behavior that sustain forms of alienation, consumerism, and submission to authority. Moreover, Fromm combines social psychology, humanistic ethics, and democratic socialism to propose a society oriented toward the ˜mode of being˜, creativity, love, and solidarity. The discussion includes Fromm’s defense of an ethics based on the unfolding of human capacities and on overcoming non-productive orientations, as well as the examination of his critique of alienated labor, the consumer market, and patriarchy. At the level of institutional politics, his proposal of participatory mechanisms and economic democratization stands out. On the global level, Fromm anticipates debates on inequality, nationalism, and the need for ˜One World.˜ It is concluded that Fromm’s theory offers a radical and normatively robust humanism capable of confronting the theoretical limitations of postmodernity and renewing the emancipatory horizon of the Left in its pursuit of positive freedom.