Estabilidade de Cor e Rugosidade de uma Resina Composta após Manchamento por Vinho Tinto e Escovação Simulada

Abstract

Objective: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the surface roughness and color stability of Harmonize composite resin after staining with red wine and simulated brushing with different toothpastes. Materials and Methods: The samples were prepared and subsequently randomized into 4 groups (n=7) according to the toothpaste used: Colgate Total 12 Active Protection, Oral B 3D White Perfection, Illumina, and Elmex Sensitive. Staining was performed with red wine for 5 consecutive days, and brushing cycles were carried out using a simulated brushing machine, with 10,000 cycles for each group. Surface roughness and color analyses were performed at four time points: after sample fabrication, after polishing, after staining, and after the brushing cycle. Data were subjected to statistical analysis to verify normality; Analysis of Variance and Tukey’s test were applied for parametric distributions, or Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s tests for non-parametric distributions. All tests used α=0.05. Results: Color stability analysis showed that staining with red wine caused significant changes in all groups, mainly along the yellow-blue axis (Δb), with no effective reversal after simulated brushing. ΔE₀₀ values remained above 3.3, indicating perceptible differences, and the whitening index (W₀) decreased, showing sample darkening. Regarding surface roughness, an increase was observed after brushing, with lower values for the Illumina and Elmex toothpastes. No toothpaste was effective in stain removal, and brushing contributed to surface wear of the resins. Conclusion: Composite resin stained with red wine exhibited color instability that could not be reversed by any of the tested toothpastes. More abrasive toothpastes caused a greater increase in surface roughness and should be avoided for patients with esthetic restorations.