SARTRE: ANGÚSTIA EDESAMPARO NA LIBERDADE EXSITENCIAL

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to discuss the concept of freedom in Jean-Paul Sartre's existentialist philosophy, focusing on its relationship with anguish and helplessness. Freedom, understood as an essential condition of human existence, is presented in its dimension of total responsibility for one's actions and choices. Initially, we analyze how Sartre defends the thesis that existence precedes essence, distancing himself from any form of determinism or predefined human nature, which is basic to his conception of subjectivity as a constant process of self-construction. Next, we explore how anguish arises from the breadth of freedom, being inseparable from responsibility for one's own existence and for humanity as a whole. We also deal with the concept of helplessness, represented as the lack of previously established external norms or values, which requires each human being to create moral laws. Finally, we investigate how freedom, anguish and helplessness are intertwined in the creation of morality, highlighting the ethical commitment of each choice in the context of intersubjectivity. The aim is to show how Sartre conceptualizes existential freedom, highlighting its inseparability from anguish and helplessness in the foundation of responsibility and human action.