CAUSAS DE RECUSA FAMILIAR DE DOAÇÃO DE ÓRGÃOS E TECIDOS PARA TRANSPLANTES POR CONVICÇÕES RELIGIOSAS: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

Abstract

Brazil has the largest public organ and tissue transplant system in the world, based on laws Nº 9434/1997 and Nº 10.211/2001, which protect donors and their families regarding consent to organ and tissue donation. Considering that Brazil is one of the largest countries in performing kidney and liver transplants, there is still a lack of scientific production on the reasons that lead to family refusal to donate organs and tissues from brain-dead patients for transplants. This research proposed, through a literature review, to map the causes of refusal to donate organs and tissues for transplants due to religious conviction. The integrative literature review was carried out by searching for productions in 8 seven virtual databases, namely: MEDLINE, LILACS, SCOPUS, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, CINAHL and EMBASE, with the controlled descriptors of MeSH Terms and Emtree: “Tissue and Organ Procurement, Organ Transplantation, Third-Party Consent, organ donor, organ donation, transplantation and refusal”. A review protocol was previously constructed, which was tested and, after approval, registered on the Open Science Framework (OSF) platform, under the link: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/D2TPS. The strategy used to develop the guiding question was the PVO, where P (population) were the donors of organs and tissues in Brain Death (BD); V (variable) the causes of refusal due to religious conviction and finally O (outcome) which were the causes of non-donation. After the searches, a total of 7,539 articles were retrieved; however, after reading them in full, there was a final sample of 24 studies. Among the main causes, the one that stood out most significantly was religious conviction regarding the meaning of BD, considering the ethical and moral values ​​for religiosity that makes it a difficult decision impasse, mainly due to the fact that there are cultural and religious groups where there is a deficit in knowledge of the concept of BD, as there is the conviction that if the “heart” still beats, even if artificially, the individual will be able to wake up; a fact that directly conflicts with moral values. Therefore, during the family interview, it is extremely important to verify possible weaknesses so that effective interventions can be made regarding the understanding of the concept of life after death.