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https://repositorio.ufms.br/handle/123456789/9683| Tipo: | Dissertação |
| Título: | Liquens parmelioides (Parmeliaceae) do extremo sul da Mata Atlântica: a diversidade revelada em uma análise integrativa |
| Autor(es): | Rodrigues, Andressa Silva |
| Primeiro orientador: | Lorenz, Aline Pedroso |
| Primeiro coorientador: | Canêz, Luciana da Silva |
| Primeiro membro da banca: | Spielmann, Adriano Afonso |
| Segundo membro da banca: | Lorenz, Aline Pedroso |
| Terceiro membro da banca: | Scur, Mayara Camila |
| Quarto membro da banca: | Koch, Natália Mossmann |
| Quinto membro da banca: | Fava, Wellington Santos |
| Resumo: | A identificação e a concepção da diversidade de fungos liquenizados têm sido modificadas nas últimas décadas, principalmente com a evolução das técnicas de biologia molecular e de bioinformática. Nesse sentido, o DNA barcoding tem ganhado destaque na área de identificação de fungos liquenizados por ser uma técnica de fácil execução em laboratório, todavia trazendo como primeiro desafio a montagem de um banco de sequências de referência para sua utilização. Com relação a fungos liquenizados, Parmeliaceae, maior família desse grupo de organismos, possui uma enorme diversidade no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Neste Estado, dentre os diferentes tipos de vegetações presentes, encontram-se grandes áreas de restingas ao longo de toda a faixa litorânea. Esse tipo de vegetação pertence ao bioma Mata Atlântica e é considerado um hotspot de biodiversidade. A partir disso, esse trabalho visa realizar uma abordagem integrativa, ou seja, utilizar dados taxonômicos (baseados em características morfológicas e químicas diagnósticas) e genéticas (monofilia e distâncias genéticas) para discriminar as espécies de liquens parmelioides nas restingas do extremo sul do Brasil. Espécimes selecionados após a identificação passaram pelos processos de extração de DNA, amplificação e sequenciamento da região ITS (DNA barcode universal dos fungos). Análises filogenéticas foram realizadas com sequências de DNA geradas neste estudo e sequências obtidas no GenBank. Como resultado, 286 espécimes foram examinados e 86 sequências de ITS foram geradas, sendo representadas nesse estudo por 45 espécies finais baseadas nos resultados de ambas as análises. Entre as espécies inicialmente identificadas, apenas 17 possuiam sequências disponíveis no GenBank. Destas, seis foram consideradas coespecíficas com as sequências de referência, oito agruparam com sequências da mesma espécie, porém apresentaram divergência superior ao padrão intraespecífico, duas agruparam como mesma espécie, enquanto uma não agrupou com a sequência referência. A partir das 45 espécies finais, foram encontradas 13 novas espécies e 16 novos registros de sequências para o GenBank de espécies já conhecidas, representando um acréscimo de 60% da diversidade de liquens parmelioides nas restingas do extremo sul do Brasil. Desta forma, este trabalho demonstra o quanto a diversidade de fungos liquenizados no Brasil ainda é pouco conhecida, além de reforçar a necessidade para o aumento da aplicação de análises integrativas para se desvendar a real diversidade de espécies. |
| Abstract: | The identification and conception of the diversity of lichenized fungi has been modified in the last decades, mainly with the evolution of the techniques of molecular biology and bioinformatics. In this sense, DNA barcoding has gained prominence in the area of lichenized fungi identification because it is a technique that is easy to perform in the laboratory, however bringing as a first challenge the assembly of a database of reference sequences for its use. In relation to lichenized fungi, Parmeliaceae, the largest family of this group of organisms, has a high diversity in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. In this state, among the different types of vegetation present, large areas of coastal vegetation (restingas) are found along the entire coastal strip. This type of vegetation belongs to the Atlantic Forest biome and is considered a biodiversity hotspot. From this, this work aims at an integrative approach, that is, to use taxonomic data (based on morphological and chemical diagnostic characteristics) and genetic (monophyly and genetic distances) to discriminate the parmelioid lichen species in the restingas of the extreme south of Brazil. Specimens selected after identification underwent the processes of DNA extraction, amplification and sequencing of the ITS (universal barcode DNA of fungi) region. Phylogenetic analyzes were performed with DNA sequences generated in this study and sequences obtained from GenBank. As a result, 286 specimens were examined and 86 ITS sequences were generated, represented in this study by 45 final species based on the results of both analyzes. Among the species initially identified, only 17 had sequences available from GenBank. Of these, six were considered to be cospecific with the reference sequences, eight grouped with sequences of the same species, but presented divergence higher than the intraspecific pattern, two grouped as the same species, while one did not cluster with the reference sequence. From the 45 final species, we found 13 new species and 16 new sequence records for GenBank of known species, representing a 60% increase in the diversity of parmelioid lichens in the restingas of the extreme south of Brazil. Thus, this work demonstrates how much the diversity of lichenized fungi in Brazil is still little known, besides reinforcing the need to increase the application of integrative analyzes to unravel the real diversity of species. |
| Palavras-chave: | ITS filogenia taxonomia divergência delimitação específica |
| CNPq: | Botânica |
| Idioma: | por |
| País: | Brasil |
| Editor: | Fundação Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul |
| Sigla da Instituição: | UFMS |
| Faculdade, Instituto ou Escola: | INBIO |
| metadata.dc.publisher.program: | Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal |
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| Data do documento: | 26-Fev-2019 |
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