Quintais agroflorestais do assentamento Andalucia, município de Nioaque (MS): agrobiodiversidade e a expressão do cumbaru (Dipteryx alata Vog.)

Abstract

Agroforestry homegardens are present in several Brazilian extractive communities, being responsible for subsistence in many of them. Among other functions that can be attributed to agroecological backyards is the ability to genetically preserve domestic crops, which includes native species from biomes under strong anthropic pressure, such as the Cerrado. Among these species, there is the cumbaru (Dipteryx alata Vog.), which is an important source of income for extractive populations. Thus, the present study was carried out in the Andalucia Settlement, Municipality of Nioaque, Mato Grosso do Sul, an important pole of cumbaru extractivism in the Cerrado of Mato Grosso do Sul. The objective was to evaluate the biodiversity of agroforestry backyards and the role of D. alata expression in these spaces, in the Andalucia Settlement, in the Municipality of Nioaque (MS). For this, we tested the hypotheses: (I) the biodiversity of agroforestry backyards is driven by the profile of the maintainers; (II) and by the expressiveness of the D. alata culture. Data regarding homegarden keepers, the expression of D. alata and the diversity of species present were collected through semi-structured interviews and guided tours. The results of the statistical analyzes showed a significant relationship between the profile of the maintainers and the biodiversity of agroforestry backyards. The abundance of D. alata in backyards, in turn, had no significant effect. It is concluded, therefore, that maintainers with more years of activity, and who dedicate more hours per week, in the backyard tend to develop more biodiverse backyards. Regarding the abundance of cumbaru in backyards, in turn, the results seem to be inconclusive, possibly showing the need for further studies.