Principais variáveis de controle no processo de fermentação em usinas sucroalcooleiras: uma revisão da literatura.

Abstract

In order to mitigate global challenges such as carbon monoxide emissions into the atmosphere, the United Nations' 2030 Agenda (UN, 2015) was established, comprising 18 main objectives. Among them, goal 7 emphasizes the need to increase the participation of renewable energies, such as bioethanol, in the global energy matrix. In this context, the present study investigates the behavior of key control variables and their specification ranges in a critical process for bioethanol production: alcoholic fermentation. This investigation was conducted through a review of recent literature in articles indexed over the past 11 years in journals with Journal Citation Reports (JCR) impact factors. The results of this research highlight that variations in temperature and inadequate gradients of substrate, ethanol, and biomass in reactors affect yeast kinetics, resulting in reduced fermentation efficiency. There is a trend towards the use of predictive models based on artificial neural networks and nonlinear programming to control these variables. This study contributes to advances in sustainable bioethanol production, focusing on energy efficiency and providing valuable insights for optimizing the fermentation process.