IMPRESSO ESCOLAR ECOS JUVENIS: Disposições de classe e gênero na formação de estudantes secundaristas no Colégio Nossa Senhora Auxiliadora, em Campo Grande – sul do antigo Mato Grosso (1936-1951)

Abstract

The work is part of the "Education, Culture, Society" line of research linked to the Group of Studies and Research in Anthropology and Sociology of Education - GEPASE, of the Postgraduate Program in Education, Faculty of Education, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul - UFMS. The main source of this dissertation is the school newspaper Ecos Juvenis, linked to the Colégio Nossa Senhora Auxiliadora, located in Campo Grande, in the south of the former Mato Grosso, between 1936 and 1951. The time frame of the research was proposed on the basis of the group of printed materials mobilized. The central problem is to understand whether the school press was a device used to maintain and preserve the class and gender habitus of the female students at Colégio Nossa Senhora Auxiliadora in the period mentioned above. In this sense, we have two objectives: a) To identify, characterize and analyse elements that help historicize the school newspaper Ecos Juvenis; and b) To approach the illusio of the subfield of the school press in order to understand the logic of the game, from the perspective of shaping a class and gender habitus at Colégio Nossa Senhora Auxiliadora, between 1936 and 1951. It uses a historical perspective linked to the New Cultural History, with the theoretical reference Roger Chartier; and sociological, linked to Pierre Bourdieu. The cross-referencing of sources is mobilized along the way, namely: school presses, magazines, newspapers, school documents, memorial works and academic productions. The results show that, when approaching the illusio of the subfield of the Salesian school press, from the perspective of shaping a class habitus, it is observed that this press was a favorable space for the accumulation of cultural, social and religious capital, that is, a social space for cultural refinement, with a focus on: erudite writing for print; accumulation of humanistic and religious knowledge; encouraging literary competitions and missions; and publicizing the winners of these activities. With regard to the illusio of the subfield of the Salesian school press, from the perspective of shaping a gender habitus, it is understood that there were various performative statements referring to certain roles, knowledge and adjectives, which were seen as legitimate characteristics for women: mother, wife, nun, housewife, "pure", "decent", "slim", which had the potential to be imitated given that they were in line with the hegemonic logic of being a woman, and some of these discourses were uttered by female teachers, who had a belief of authority around them. We believe that the illusio that moved secondary school students in the school press was well founded, because it was coupled with all the work of the school institution to instill various elements of social distinction and submission of women, also from the perspective that the students wanted to see their texts in print. In summary, we recognize that Ecos Juvenis was a device that had an impact on elements of social distinction and also male domination, a fact that was considered as part of a game in the field the paper, since the female students and teachers contributed to male symbolic domination from the perspective of classifying the "types" of women, but at the same time, these students were "subservient" to male symbolic domination in the sense that there was a social coercion of a series of roles, knowledge and adjectives that the students should possess.