Intervenções para o preparo do cuidador no manejo da terapia de nutrição enteral na desospitalização: revisão integrativa

Abstract

Introduction: caregivers of patients using Enteral Nutrition Therapy (ENT) in the context of dehospitalization must be involved in educational processes, preferably, in a safe, collaborative and encouraging learning environment, in order to that can acquire knowledge, develop skills and implement safe safety practices home care. It is then necessary to identify in the literature which strategies and results of interventions already developed with caregivers of people using ENT in order to guide future studies that evaluate the effects of other types of interventions that have not yet been tests and which also guides the clinical practice of nurses in the education of caregivers in the context of dehospitalization. Objective: the objective was to summarize external interventions to the preparation of caregivers in relation to Enteral Nutrition Therapy in the context of dehospitalization. Method: This was an integrative review study whose question was guiding principle: What are the external interventions already planned to prepare caregivers in relation to Enteral Nutrition Therapy in the context of dehospitalization? They were employed the terms “Caregivers”, “Patient discharge”, “Enteral nutrition” and “Training by Simulation”, “Dehospitalization”, “Intervention Studies” and “Health Education”, in different search strategies. The databases searched were EMBASE, SCOPUS, PUBMED, Web of Science, CINAHL and VHL. Studies in any language and without time frame. Unfinished studies, duplicates, letters to the editor, editorials, expert opinions and reviews. Results: of the 1005 records found, 85 were excluded by exclusion criteria, with 920 being selected to read the relevant titles and abstracts. There were 879 files published because they did not meet the criteria for inclusion, with 41 works being pre-selected for reading. After this stage, we selected 10 studies. The subjects were carried out through educational pamphlets, education in video, training and guidance, both during the hospitalization period and after discharge hospital with home visits and telephone contacts. The contribution was demonstrated effectiveness of interventions proposed in studies through training, guidelines, pamphlets educational and video education, which were able to increase knowledge and quality of the care technique, as proposed. Conclusions: It is believed that teaching strategies and training for caregivers can significantly contribute to dehospitalization, increase knowledge and skills, as well as promote the mental health of caregivers.