CONSTRUÇÃO E VALIDAÇÃO DE CONTEÚDO E SEMÂNTICA DA ESCALA DE PERCEPÇÃO DE AUTOEFICÁCIA DA FAMÍLIA NO CUIDADO DOMICILIAR DA CRIANÇA EM DIÁLISE PERITONEAL

Abstract

The daily life of children on peritoneal dialysis is characterized by hospitalizations, use of catheters, diet control, medication management and exhaustive care, which requires the family's participation, involvement, availability and abilities to manage the care of the child with this chronic condition at home. It is questioned how the family perceives its own self efficacy, considering that this perception is a key / fundamental to get to know the family's efforts to fulfill the assigned task and perseverance in the face of difficult situations. In the literature there is no scale available that permits identifying the perceived self-efficacy of the family in this situation. Objective. To perform the content and semantics validation of an instrument that may measure the family self-efficacy for the home-based care of children on peritoneal dialysis. Method. A methodological study was conducted that adopted the model proposed by Pasquali to guide the construction and validation of the instrument. Bandura's Theory of Self-efficacy was the theoretical framework that underpinned the construction of the scale. The theoretical procedures were conducted in three stages: (a) definition of the construct by means of literature review and field study; (b) content validation; and (c) semantics validation. The interjudge agreement percentage of 80% and the Content Validity Index of 0.8 were established, and the Kappa Index was applied. The study was carried out in the pediatric nephrology outpatient unit of a school hospital, after approval by the UFMS Ethics and Research Committee. Results. The proposition of the scale items was supported by the analytical synthesis of the categories identified in the scoping review and in the field study with families of children on peritoneal dialysis at home. The content validation was carried out by five experts in the concept field, using the Delphi technique, and yielded a Content Validity Index of 0.84 after three rounds, and total Kappa of 0.70, showing good agreement among the experts. Five families of children undergoing dialysis treatment at home participated in the semantics validation, after two rounds, with 100% agreement and reports of good understanding of the items. The constructed scale contains 26 items that explore the perception of the collective effectiveness of the family in this context of care. The responses are scaled from zero to 100, distributed along a continuum of no confidence, moderate confidence and total confidence. Conclusion. The scale is a tool to identify the perceived collective efficacy of the family, that is, the care behaviors that the family feels capable of performing to meet the home-based care the child´s and the family´s demands in the face of difficulties. The instrument can be useful in helping nurses identify the family's strengths and vulnerabilities and plan actions together, contributing to better care practices. Continuing the development of the scale is recommended with the conduction of the empirical and analytical phases for carrying out the psychometric tests.