Influência de aspectos psicossociais no diagnóstico e tratamento da Disfunção Temporomandibular: revisão de literatura

Abstract

The Temporomandibular Dysfunction (TMD) is a condition that involves pain and dysfunction in the temporomandibular joints and chewing muscles, with multifactorial causes, including parafunctional habits, behavioral and psychological factors. This study aims to highlight the importance of psychosocial aspects in TMD and the relevance of correct diagnosis by dental surgeon. For this purpose, articles and research from the main relevant databases on the subject were selected. The literature points to a relationship between psychosocial aspects and TMD symptomatology, such as the association of anxiety with bruxism and dental clenching, depression that hinders treatment, and stress that also aggravates temporomandibular joint (TMJ) symptoms. The dentist’s attention to TMD signs and symptoms is crucial, with the need for a complete history investigation for an accurate diagnosis. Psychological factors can complicate TMD symptoms and treatment, increasing muscle tone in the TMJ region, causing pain and discomfort. Treatment, when psychosocial aspects are involved, should be individualized and multidisciplinary, with referrals when necessary. The conclusion emphasizes that accurate diagnosis is fundamental for effective treatment, and psychosocial factors can also influence patient adherence to treatment, affecting results.