Oxigenação Extracorpórea por Membrana em pacientes adultos vítimas de trauma: revisão integrativa.

Abstract

Objective: to summarize studies that evaluate the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in trauma patients. Method: integrative review answering the guiding question: do trauma patients who undergo ECMO have longer survival rates? Carried out through an online search for scientific articles in the CINAHL, PudMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus and Web Of Science databases, in August 2023, with the following descriptors: Thoracic Injuries, Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and Survival. Results: 2,010 articles were found. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and reading, 17 articles were obtained to compose the sample. From the analysis of the studies, four thematic categories emerged: Category 1 - General survival of trauma patients undergoing VV and VA ECMO; Category 2 - Demographic factors that affect post-ECMO survival in traumatized victims; Category 3 - Management of early and late ECMO in trauma patients; and Category 4 - Uses of VV and VA ECMO in different clinical scenarios. Conclusion: ECMO in general demonstrated to be a valuable option in the treatment of trauma patients, factors such as the early institution of ECMO, the degree of injury, and the modality of VV or VA ECMO seem to be correlated with patient survival.