ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAÚDE E O PROGRAMA NACIONAL DE IMUNIZAÇÃO : UMA DISCUSSÃO SOBRE OS FATORES QUE IMPACTAM A VACINAÇÃO NO PRIMEIRO ANO DE VIDA DA CRIANÇA.

Abstract

The binomial of child health care and vaccination as a public health prevention measure certainly has a direct impact on the reduction of morbidity and mortality in Brazil, second only to basic sanitation and the provision of drinking water. Given this scenario, there is a need to monitor vaccination coverage of the National Immunization Program - PNI, by states and municipalities. This study aimed to evaluate the work processes related to vaccination rooms, which may impact the immunization of one-year-old children, in Primary Health Care – PHC units in the city of Campo Grande – MS. This is a mixed method, exploratory, descriptive, observational research with primary and secondary data collection. Initially, secondary data were collected from the national immunization information system (SIPNI-WEB) and then qualitative data was collected in Campo Grande – MS. To this end, samples from 14 (fourteen) primary care health units were evaluated, 2 (two) per health region. A supervision instrument was used in the vaccination room based on the document standardized by the Ministry of Health and made available by the PNI. This instrument was adapted to collect primary data in these units, as a routine observation guide and processes in the vaccination room during care. In the analysis process, the SWOT Matrix was used, a tool that points out strengths and weaknesses, making specific interventions possible, as reported in the research. It was concluded that the immunization process aiming at vaccination coverage in the first year of life has been compromised by some factors such as poor structural conditions, turnover of professionals in health units and lack of continued training, professionals are without specific refresher courses more than 10 (ten) years. On the other hand, the units have a good logistical process that guarantees the supply of vaccines and supplies, active search with the help of community health agents, and extended hours for service. It should be noted that the demands associated with immunization are developed through tripartite financing that involves investments from the Federal, State and Municipal governments. However, it is necessary that effective actions be developed in all spheres based on the demands of the community, that is, in municipal management it is necessary to carry out a survey of the specific needs of the municipality, therefore, the transfer of information so that they can be implemented actions by the state and federal spheres in order to implement public health policies. Regarding the contributions to the Family Health Strategy, research is extremely relevant, assuming that it can provide subsidies for the adaptation of strategies aimed at continuing vaccination in early childhood. This contributes to raising awareness of the importance of immunization, as well as access to vaccination centers, campaigns and intensification of the program in primary care, resulting in efficient epidemiological surveillance in the municipality.