Gestão hídrica em períodos de seca no mundo: monitoramento e mitigação de impactos

Abstract

Drought is defined as a rainfall deficit in a region and has become a matter of concern because it affects the political-economic relationship of countries. It can be classified into meteorological, agricultural, hydrological and ecological, according to the impact that each one can have on hydrological and ecosystem variables. This work aims to carry out a global systematic review of water management during periods of drought. For this, a compilation of studies published in English was made through the search for keywords in the Scielo, Scopus and Web of Science indexing bases for the development of infographic maps and statistical tables at global and national level. It was found that China and the USA dominate the number of publications, with 18.91% and 11.47% for each, respectively, while Brazil has 2.57% of the total. In addition, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was the most used metric, accounting for 89% of the total. Non-structural impact mitigation measures were identified, being used more than structural measures, both nationally and internationally, being present in 94.5% of the works. In conclusion Brazil has few publications at an international level and the most developed countries invest more in research on this subject. Finally, this work aimed to contribute to the scientific community through a clear and succinct systematic review, facilitating the understanding of drought and what are the measures adopted by countries for its mitigation.

Keywords: environmental sciences, monitoring indexes, engineering.