REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA SOBRE ESCOLAS ÉTNICAS NO BRASIL: ESTRATÉGIAS NA FORMAÇÃO DO HABITUS ÉTNICO-ESTUDANTIL

Abstract

This research is linked to the Research Line “Education, Culture and Society”, of the Graduate Program in Education – PPGEdu at the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul – UFMS. The object of study is the ethnic schools of immigrants in Brazil, in the scientific and academic production of scholars and researchers in the areas of Human Sciences in the country, especially in Education. The corpus of analysis was the result of a Systematic Review, to identify the elements mobilized in the formation of the ethnic habitus of the ethnic groups and the participation of the school culture in the formation of the ethnic-student habitus, having as specific objectives, namely: 1. Identify what it has been produced at national and state level on “ethnic schools” in scientific and academic productions, so that strategies in the formation of ethnic-student habitus are known; 2. Analyze the strategies by different ethnic groups in the formation of the ethnic-student habitus. The SR methodology leveraged and organized data collected through procedures, protocols and forms to collect and select the analyzed material. The research was theoretically based on the sociological concepts of Pierre Bourdieu and studies that derive from his work, the notions of habitus, ethnic habitus, strategies, fields and school culture were mobilized in the analyses. The results indicated that the ethnic groups most present in scientific and academic productions were German and Italian, followed by Japanese. The regions with the highest concentration of selected production are located in the South and Southeast. In the selected productions, the requirement of school attendance was verified; teacher choice; the presence of school presentations; resume; discipline; competitions (pedagogical and sports) and symbolic violence. It was identified that the investment in the schooling of the children was a strategy to ascend socially and financially and the purpose of obtaining the prominence in the colony and in the Brazilian society. The ethnic-student habitus was built through practices and strategies that were configured by immigrants coming to Brazil, in obtaining social, economic, academic capital, etc. mobilized in different fields. The habitus composed of long-term, sometimes generational, experiences established the way of being and being a student. The historicalsociological research produced the thesis that the ethnic schools of immigrants constituted a privileged locus in the formation of the student's ethnic-habitus, as well as implemented different strategies for the formation of educational, political and social cadres, in order to build the condition of reception and reproduction of the belongings and values of the original ethnic groups.