Oncologia HOVET-UFMS: Estudo retrospectivo dos casos atendidos entre 2016 e 2021

Abstract

Neoplasia is a pathological process in which cells develop in an uncoordinated way, and may have characteristics of malignancy, thus defined as cancer, or benignity, which has defined limits and organized growth. There are factors that can facilitate the occurrence of cancer in animals such as advanced age, use of contraceptive drugs and failure to perform the previous castration procedure. Thus, the objective of this work was to carry out a data collection of animals treated at HOVET-UFMS between 2016 and 2021 with a diagnosis of neoplasia, in order to determine the frequency of diagnosis in relation to species, breed, age, sex, reproductive status, previous use of contraceptives, presence of metastasis, affected system and location, in addition to the association between these factors and tumor type (epithelial, mesenchymal or round cell tumor). Between 2016 and 2021, 444 animals were diagnosed with neoplasms, 91.5% in dogs and 8.5% in cats. Of this total, 80.4% were females and 19.6% males, with a similar number between SRD and defined breed animals (50.2% and 49.8%, respectively). When evaluating the reproductive status, a higher frequency of neoplasms was observed in intact animals (89.4%), with only 11.6% of castrated animals. In addition, animals that had no history of contraceptive use accounted for 91.8% of neoplasm diagnoses and, at the time of care, only 13.9% had metastasis. Although the breast region was the most frequently affected by neoplasia (66.1%) in dogs, statistically, there was no difference between tumor types and the analyzed region. Similar results were observed when comparing systems with tumor types, with a higher frequency of epithelial tumors in the reproductive system, although this was not statistically significant. In cats, the head region was the most affected (33.3%), with mesenchymal cell tumors being the most frequent (50%). In this species, the reproductive (30.6%) and integumentary (30.6%) systems were the most affected. The neoplasm was more frequent in castrated animals. In dogs, epithelial cell tumors (high frequency of breast tumors) were more frequent in animals over 5 years old (p>0.0001) and females (p<0.0001), while in cats in this age group , the most common tumors were of the mesenchymal type (p>0.0098) when castrated (p>0.0456). Keywords: neoplasm, castration, contraceptive, canines, felines.