CONSTRUÇÃO E VALIDAÇÃO DE ROTEIROS PARA TREINAMENTO DE HABILIDADES A CUIDADORES DE PACIENTES EM USO DE TERAPIA DE NUTRIÇÃO ENTERAL NA DESOSPITALIZAÇÃO

Abstract

The patient safety policy requires a set of measures from those involved in this process, among professionals, patients, family members and their caregivers, a safe, collaborative and encouraging learning environment in the planning and execution of care, seeking to improving the assistance provided by caregivers in relation to devices for Enteral Nutrition (EN). Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) require strategies for education, teaching, training, and training of caregivers in the process of dehospitalization, and clinical simulation can collaborate with this process. In this context, caregivers of patients using Enteral Nutrition Therapy (ENT) are involved. Skills Training (ST) is an important tool for learning and it optimizes patient safety through education, evaluation, research and integration of the learner with the health system. Therefore, with this investigation, the objective is to build and validate the contents of two scripts for ST, based on clinical simulation to caregivers of patients with chronic conditions using ENT in the process of dehospitalization. This is a methodological study, developed in the Laboratório de Habilidades do Hospital Universitário Maria Aparecida Predrossian, in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, after ethical approval under CAAE no. 53934521.7.0000.0021 and ruling no. 5.185.577. The research was conducted in three stages: the first stage focused on theoretical procedures, narrative literature review, and the participation of local and online expert judges in the construction of the scripts; the second stage involved the empirical procedures, with the participation of online expert judges in the validation of the scripts; and the third stage refers to analytical procedures, statistical analysis of the data that confirm the validity of the content. Asubel's Meaningful Learning Theory was used as theoretical framework for the structuring of the Skills Training. The methodological framework for content validation was Pasquali's psychometric model. The scripts, directed to the ST of caregivers on the use of nasoenteral tube and gastrostomy in ENT were constructed and validated between the months of January and September 2022, through a committee of judges composed of local and external experts, with experience in the areas of EN and clinical simulation. The selection of judges followed the criteria established by Fehring and proceeded to two rounds of appreciation through the Delphi technique in the search for the agreement index of at least 80% to ensure the validation of the material. The scripts for ST on ENT care with nasoenteral tube and gastrostomy achieved content validation coefficients of 0.997 and 0.998, respectively. The agreement indexes of the evaluated categories were 100% for the two scripts and their checklists in the second round, and the internal consistency analysis verified the respective values of Cronbach's α of 0.94 and of 1.00. It can be concluded that the contents of the instruments developed achieved validity for the ST of caregivers in promoting the dehospitalization of patients using EN. The validation of these scripts indicates the need for studies to confirm the clinical validity and investigate the effects of their application on professionals, patients and caregivers.