Avaliação de efetividade do esquema de pagamento por serviços ambientais na bacia hidrográfica do Córrego Guariroba, em Campo Grande - MS

Abstract

ABSTRACT Payment for environmental services (PES) is gaining prominence as a strategy for the conservation and restoration of natural environments. However, there are still few studies that evaluate PES schemes’ effectiveness, considering their complexity in the different phases of planning, implementation and monitoring. Based on the methodology proposed by Bernardo (2016) in the thesis “Evaluation of the effectiveness of payment schemes for water environmental services: a methodological proposal” presented to the University of São Paulo (USP); this qualitative exploratory research evaluated the effectiveness of the PSA initiative in the Guariroba stream basin, in the municipality of Campo Grande (MS). Moreover proposed to analyze a change in the data collection method, so that in addition to collecting published data, was carried out a consultation directly with the actors involved with the PES. Thus, besides seeking to understand the effectiveness of PES in the region as a watershed conservation tool, the research also seeks to test and improve the proposed method, aiming to contribute to the implementation of this program and new arrangements establishment. Among the results, in the first part of the analysis, the percentage of 55% of the general total established in the ideal scenario for the effectiveness of PSA regimens was obtained. In the complementary analysis, the percentage was 76.4% of the grand total, which corresponds to an increase in the score by 36.8%. Therefore, the expansion in data collection showed that for a better understanding of the PES situation it is valid to request documents from those directly involved. The evaluated conditions that did not achieve the maximum score were "cost effectiveness", "cost-benefit ratio", "equity and justice", "contextual conditions", "baseline", "financial sustainability" and "conflicts and synergies". The condition "equity and fairness" was the only one that remained unmet. With the exception of the "financial sustainability" condition, the others that did not achieve the maximum score consider the existence of previous analyses and studies. This way, in part, the non-fulfillment with the studied condition may have occurred because materials that are more recent were sent by the institutions, since the request made was broad and did not explain the need for previous documents. Nevertheless, in "equity and justice", the unmet condition may be related to the establishment of a policy without including everyone involved. To pursue equity it is important to understand the environmental, socioeconomic, political and contextual contexts, and these contexts compose conditions that have not fully met the literature’s provisions. Keywords: Environmental Policy; Hydrographic basin; Evaluation; Economic instruments; Payment for environmental services.