Uma abordagem semiótica do discurso nos romances políticos de Erico Veríssimo

Abstract

Exercising reading in its innumerable levels and contexts requires a set of skills and knowledge that combine the agility of thought with the reader's capability of comprehension and reflection about the read object. From this perspective, and taking into account the semiotic aspect at the verbal object, it might be said that reading hability goes beyond the frontier of the simple deciphering of a code, as it becomes a way of constructing meaning, supported by the senses perceived in and by the text. Thus, under the bias of discursive semiotics, it becomes useful to examine the discursive object, through its content plan, and its textual structures, aiming to understand the mechanisms that engender the construction of its meaning. Considering these aspects, and integrating linguistic and literary studies, three political novels written by Erico Verissimo are selected to compose the corpus of this research: O Senhor Embaixador (1965), O prisioneiro (1967) and Incidente em Antares (1971). For such an approach, resort to semiotics, using elements of the generative path of meaning as a guide for a closer skim at the text, with the general objective of observing the construction of the thematic-figurative component in the listed Verissian novels, as well as the projections of the enunciative categories carried out in them. Thus, it is demonstrated, in practice, the discursive semiotic theory, and, more specifically, the analyzes involving the involvement and understanding of figurative constructions of people, spaces and times that are covered through the political and social themes present in the different papers or essays, all of them published in the last phase of the Cruz-Altense writer. In the interface between Erico Verissimo's life and his work, the author's critical fortune and the events that link the presence of representative characters of the Brazilian political and social conjuncture in the narratives that make up the third phase of his literary productions are also observed. As a theoretical contribution, it will be considered studies by Greimas (1973; 1975; 2002; 2021 [1979]), Barros (1990; 2002; 2002), Bertrand (2003), Fiorin (1999; 2016; 2018; 2020; 2021), Martins (2017), Harkot-De-La-Taille (2016), Chaves (1972; 1976), Ritter (2016), Todorov (2006; 2010), among others who contributed to the objectives defined in this article. In view of the analyzes carried out, it was found that the thematic-figurative elements, present in the speeches enunciated by the different enunciative instances, determine readings about the political-social problems figurativized in the literature; in the face of these problems, different forms of power manifested by subjects who defend ideologies and autocratic regimes that ignore necessary precepts for justice and social equity were recognized, which ratifies the verissian novels, with a political content, as instruments of dialogue between the enunciator and the enunciatee. of the text in the process of construction of history recorded in/by language. Keywords: Semiotics; Figurativization; Thematization; Brazilian literature; Policy.