Estudo léxico-semântico multilíngue das denominações especializadas da avifauna do Pantanal sul-mato-grossense: subsídios para a elaboração de um verbete (português-francês; francês-português)

Abstract

The Pantanal, a terrestrial ecoregion of South America, submerged at more than 80% of its surface during half of the year, is an important biome of plants, mammals, reptiles, fish and especially birds, sheltering more than 40% of all the species of avifauna in Brazil. Despite the importance of the region, scientific publications and popular works intended for a target audience of French-speaking researchers and observers are rare or non-existent. In order to contribute to fill this gap, this thesis has the broader objective of carrying out a study of the names of birds of the Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul, based on the theory of multilingual terminology of Thoiron (1994), which proposes the conception of a definition of a bird, with the semes extracted from the denominations in a maximum of different languages, in this case, in this thesis, 20 languages. As specific objectives, it was proposed to analyze semantically the denominations of birds in a maximum of different languages, which allows to identify the semes, with the aim of elaboration the precise definitions of the denominations of the birds of the avifauna of the Pantanal ; to analyze the semantic relations between the denominations of the birds of the Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul, of the Latin, Portuguese and French languages, also taking into account the possible influences of the Pantanal biome in the process of denomination; to verify the morphosyntactic structures of the denominations in the same three main languages of the future vocabulary entry, and its similarities or differences; realizing a study of the historical-socio-cultural aspects of the Pantanal, and its influence on the denominations of the birds, which can facilitate the relations between the scientists/bird watchers and the people of the Pantanal. Four hypotheses guided the research: i) the extraction of semes from denominations in several languages allows the design of a precise definition, based on the characteristics of the bird; ii) bird denominations have a semantic relationship with birds; iii) birds denominations, in their written registers in Latin, Brazilian Portuguese and French, present morphosyntactic similarities; iv) bird denominations possess variations motivated by sociocultural factors. This thesis is based on work on lexicon (BIDERMAN, 1992), denomination (PETIT, 2009), Multilingual Terminology (THOIRON, 1994), Communicative Terminology (CABRÉ, 1998), Socioterminology (GAUDIN, 1996; FAULSTICH, 1995) and Phraseology (GONZALEZ-REY, 2015). The analyzed corpus comes from the world digital database of Ornithology, Avibase, and from oral interviews conducted with four informants, native inhabitants, in each of the eight subregions of the Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul. The analysis of the multilingual definitional corpus of denominations, which come from the Avibase website, allows us to extract the semes that participate in the elaboration of the definitions. The corpus of the interviews allows us to obtain variations of the vernacular names of Brazilian Portuguese, which will be part of the entry proposal. The validation of the construction method of the 93 definitions, based on the theory of multilingual Terminology of Thoiron (1994), was obtained from the extraction, selection and morphosemantic analysis of the 4,569 semes extracted from the 93 denominations in 20 languages. This technique allows us to observe that each language contributes to the definition and production of a defining text that characterizes the bird, in the most concise and descriptive form possible, data confirmed by the ornithologist consulted for this research. The number of languages studied is important to extract the maximum number of semes, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Finally, each culture, each vision of the referents that compose it, by peoples of different environments, participate in the creation of the definition and, even more, each language enriches it with its culture through the denominations, in this case , those of the Pantanal avifauna. Finally, as a final product, the thesis presents an entry proposal to integrate the future bilingual vocabulary of the avifauna of the Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul, French-Portuguese/Portuguese-French, aimed to facilitate linguistic interactions between members of both communities.