Funções executivas, atividades da vida diária e habilidade motora de idosos com doenças neurodegenerativas

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the executive functions of elderly people with Parkinson’s (PD – with and without dementia) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and to compare the independence of the subjects on the activities of daily living and their performance under dual-task conditions.

Methods: This cross-sectional design study assessed 54 subjects divided into four groups: G1, formed by 11 subjects with PD; G2, formed by 10 subjects with Parkinson’s dementia; G3 consisting of 13 participants with AD; and G4, formed by 20 healthy control peers. The methodological procedures involved the analysis of prefrontal cognitive functions, the activities of daily living and the performance of the subjects under motor and cognitive dual-task conditions. Data analysis involved descriptive (mean and standard error) and inferential statistics (ANOVA with Scheffé post hoc test), assuming a significance level of 5% (p < 0.05) and a confidence interval of 95%.

Results: The prefrontal cognitive functions showed significant differences between groups, especially in comparison involving G2 and G3 with G1 and G4 (p = 0.001). The groups with cognitive decline had presented poorest performance in carrying out the activities of daily living, with worst score of G2, where it has the association of motor and cognitive deficits (p = 0.001). In situations of dual-task, G2 and G3 showed inferior performance than the other groups.

Conclusion: Prefrontal cognitive disorders negatively affect the functional activities and psychomotor skills of individuals. When not associated to dementia, PD patients have showed prefrontal scores and functional independence similar to healthy elderly.