PHYOLOGENY OF CARRERAPYRGOTA ACZÉL (DIPTERA, PYRGOTIDAE).

Abstract

Carrerapyrgota (Aczél, 1956) is a genus of Neotropical Diptera belonging to the family Pyrgotidae. The genus is currently composed of four species: C. miliaria Aczél, 1956 (type species), C. personata (Lutz & Lima, 1918), C. aczeli Mello, Lamas & Rafael, 2010, and C. bernardii Mello, Lamas & Rafael, 2010. This work aimed to test the monophyletism of the genus and to establish a phylogenetic hypothesis among its species. For this, we performed phylogenetic analyses based on a survey of 22 taxonomic characteristics of the external morphology of adults using the principle of parsimony. Analyses with equal and implied weighting of characters resulted in the monophyletism of the genus supported by the following synapomorphies: absent postscutellum, presence of spurious apical vein in R2+3, lower calypter with a longitudinal row of bristles, and the female forefemur with a longitudinal groove on the posterior surface. Furthermore, the species C. aczeli, C. bernardii, and C. miliaria formed a monophyletic group, supported by the synapomorphic condition of a spot on the forehead; C. bernardii and C. miliaria appear to be sister species, supported by the synapomorphic condition of a less sclerotized M vein, after dm-cu in relation to the anterior region, as well as the homoplastic condition of the presence of a spot on the median occipital sclerite. The monophyly of Carrerapyrgota confirmed the synonymy proposed by Bernardi (1990), which considers Anapyrgota a junior synonym of Carrerapyrgota. The parenthetical notation elected to represent the phylogenetic relationship among the species of the genus is (C. personata (C. aczeli (C. bernardii + C. miliaria))).